It is prudent to execute a healthcare and/or financial power of attorney well in advance of necessity to ensure your individual wishes are honored in the event you are unable to attend to your own needs. However, competency is required to execute a power of attorney. If you become incompetent and do not have a durable power of attorney, it will be necessary for someone to petition the court to appoint a guardian to manage your affairs. Before appointing a guardian, the court first determines whether an individual is legally incompetent. The adjudication of incompetence is heard by the clerk of court…
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Non-Conforming Payable on Death Accounts Can Survive as Common Law Tentative or “Totten” Trusts
On August 4, 2015, the North Carolina Court of Appeals issued a ruling clarifying that when a grantor seeks to create a statutory payable on death (“POD”) account, but fails to satisfy the statutory provisions, he/she can still rely on the existence of a common law tentative trust or “Totten” trust as an alternative.[1] The Totten trust, sometimes called a “poor man’s will,” was established after the 1904 New York Court of Appeals decision, In the Matter of Totten. The requirements to create a Totten trust are: (1) sufficient words to show intention to create…
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NC Court of Appeals: While decedent’s actions effectively bypassed will, “it was his prerogative to do so.”
On July 21, 2015, the North Carolina Court of Appeals issued a ruling emphasizing the importance of executing cohesive estate documents and appointing a trusted fiduciary to execute the testator’s wishes.[1] Dwight Jordan died testate with four children, and his will instructed the estate to be divided between them in equal shares. Mr. Jordan named one of his sons, Raymond Baxter Jordan (“Defendant”), as the executor, and designated him as his attorney-in-fact. The same day he executed the will, Mr. Jordan and the Defendant converted Mr. Jordan’s bank account to a joint account with rights of survivorship. The bank account comprised…
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Powers of Attorney: General Considerations
While many people recognize the term “power of attorney,” most do not know how to create a valid power of attorney or choose between the various considerations. It is important to prepare safeguards to protect current and future assets long before one faces severe illness or incapacity. A power of attorney is a straightforward and relatively inexpensive document to prepare, compared to the time and expenses that may be incurred if a court is required to settle family disputes or appoint a guardian in the absence of an instructive document. Put simply, a power of attorney is a legal…
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North Carolina Business Court Recognizes New Duty to Negotiate in Good Faith
While North Carolina has never recognized a fiduciary relationship between lenders and borrowers, in June the North Carolina Business Court did recognized a new cause of action: breach of a duty to negotiate in good faith.[1] The Court confined its decision to the particular facts present in the case, leaving many questions unanswered regarding this type of claim. BB&T gave two loans totaling $5.275 million to an experienced real-estate developer. BB&T and the client had a long (30 year) borrower-lender relationship, which the Court characterized as “multifaceted and unique.”[2] The loans needed restructuring, so BB&T and the borrower spent over eight (8) months extensively negotiating their terms. The negotiations…
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Removal of Corporate Trustees in North Carolina
The landscape of the American economy changed dramatically in the last decade, particularly due to the 2008 financial crisis. America’s largest commercial banks were forced to sell assets, reorganize, shake-up top management positions, and/or close altogether. As a result, trusts managed by corporate trustees experienced high turnover among trust officials and changes in corporate ownership. While there are many advantages to hiring a corporate trustee, unsatisfied beneficiaries find it difficult to remove them, absent a flagrant breach of duty or express language in the trust document. While many corporate trustee relationships are positive, some beneficiaries become frustrated by a lack of control when confronted with mediocre…
